我的应用程序被 oom-killer 杀死了。它是在没有交换的实时 USB 上运行的 Ubuntu 11.10，PC 有 1 Gig 的 RAM。唯一运行的应用程序(除了所有内置的 Ubuntu 东西)是我的程序 flasherav。请注意，/tmp 是内存映射的，并且在崩溃时其中有大约 200MB 的文件(因此占用了大约 200MB 的 RAM)。
我正在尝试了解如何分析 om-killer 日志，以便我可以了解所有内存的确切使用位置 - 即哪些不同的 block 将加起来 ~1 gig 从而导致 oom - killer 踢？一旦我明白了这一点，我就可以努力减少违规者的使用，这样应用程序就可以在具有 1 GB 内存的机器上运行。我的具体问题是。
为了尝试分析情况，我总结了“total_vm”列，我只得到了 609342KB(添加到/tmp 中的 200MB 后仍然只有 809MB)。也许我对“total_vm”列的内容是错误的 - 它是否包括已分配但未使用的内存加上共享内存。如果是，那么它不应该夸大实际使用的内存(因此我不应该内存不足)，对吗？是否还有其他未在下表中列出的正在使用的内存块？
[11686.040460] flasherav invoked oom-killer: gfp_mask=0x201da, order=0, oom_adj=0, oom_score_adj=0
[11686.040467] flasherav cpuset=/ mems_allowed=0
[11686.040472] Pid: 2859, comm: flasherav Not tainted 3.0.0-12-generic #20-Ubuntu
[11686.040476] Call Trace:
[11686.040488] [<c10e1c15>] dump_header.isra.7+0x85/0xc0
[11686.040493] [<c10e1e6c>] oom_kill_process+0x5c/0x80
[11686.040498] [<c10e225f>] out_of_memory+0xbf/0x1d0
[11686.040503] [<c10e6123>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x6c3/0x6e0
[11686.040509] [<c10e78d3>] ? __do_page_cache_readahead+0xe3/0x170
[11686.040514] [<c10e0fc8>] filemap_fault+0x218/0x390
[11686.040519] [<c1001c24>] ? __switch_to+0x94/0x1a0
[11686.040525] [<c10fb5ee>] __do_fault+0x3e/0x4b0
[11686.040530] [<c1069971>] ? enqueue_hrtimer+0x21/0x80
[11686.040535] [<c10fec2c>] handle_pte_fault+0xec/0x220
[11686.040540] [<c10fee68>] handle_mm_fault+0x108/0x210
[11686.040546] [<c152fa00>] ? vmalloc_fault+0xee/0xee
[11686.040551] [<c152fb5b>] do_page_fault+0x15b/0x4a0
[11686.040555] [<c1069a90>] ? update_rmtp+0x80/0x80
[11686.040560] [<c106a7b6>] ? hrtimer_start_range_ns+0x26/0x30
[11686.040565] [<c106aeaf>] ? sys_nanosleep+0x4f/0x60
[11686.040569] [<c152fa00>] ? vmalloc_fault+0xee/0xee
[11686.040574] [<c152cfcf>] error_code+0x67/0x6c
[11686.040580] [<c1520000>] ? reserve_backup_gdb.isra.11+0x26d/0x2c0
[11686.040583] Mem-Info:
[11686.040585] DMA per-cpu:
[11686.040588] CPU 0: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0
[11686.040592] CPU 1: hi: 0, btch: 1 usd: 0
[11686.040594] Normal per-cpu:
[11686.040597] CPU 0: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 5
[11686.040600] CPU 1: hi: 186, btch: 31 usd: 30
[11686.040603] HighMem per-cpu:
[11686.040605] CPU 0: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 7
[11686.040608] CPU 1: hi: 42, btch: 7 usd: 22
[11686.040613] active_anon:113150 inactive_anon:113378 isolated_anon:0
[11686.040615] active_file:86 inactive_file:1964 isolated_file:0
[11686.040616] unevictable:0 dirty:0 writeback:0 unstable:0
[11686.040618] free:13274 slab_reclaimable:2239 slab_unreclaimable:2594
[11686.040619] mapped:1387 shmem:4380 pagetables:1375 bounce:0
[11686.040627] DMA free:4776kB min:784kB low:980kB high:1176kB active_anon:5116kB inactive_anon:5472kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:15804kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:80kB slab_unreclaimable:168kB kernel_stack:96kB pagetables:64kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:6 all_unreclaimable? yes
[11686.040634] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 865 1000 1000
[11686.040644] Normal free:48212kB min:44012kB low:55012kB high:66016kB active_anon:383196kB inactive_anon:383704kB active_file:344kB inactive_file:7884kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:885944kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:5548kB shmem:17520kB slab_reclaimable:8876kB slab_unreclaimable:10208kB kernel_stack:1960kB pagetables:3976kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:930 all_unreclaimable? yes
[11686.040652] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 1078 1078
[11686.040662] HighMem free:108kB min:132kB low:1844kB high:3560kB active_anon:64288kB inactive_anon:64336kB active_file:0kB inactive_file:0kB unevictable:0kB isolated(anon):0kB isolated(file):0kB present:138072kB mlocked:0kB dirty:0kB writeback:0kB mapped:0kB shmem:0kB slab_reclaimable:0kB slab_unreclaimable:0kB kernel_stack:0kB pagetables:1460kB unstable:0kB bounce:0kB writeback_tmp:0kB pages_scanned:61 all_unreclaimable? yes
[11686.040669] lowmem_reserve[]: 0 0 0 0
[11686.040675] DMA: 20*4kB 24*8kB 34*16kB 26*32kB 19*64kB 13*128kB 1*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 4784kB
[11686.040690] Normal: 819*4kB 607*8kB 357*16kB 176*32kB 99*64kB 49*128kB 23*256kB 4*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 2*4096kB = 48212kB
[11686.040704] HighMem: 16*4kB 0*8kB 1*16kB 0*32kB 0*64kB 0*128kB 0*256kB 0*512kB 0*1024kB 0*2048kB 0*4096kB = 80kB
[11686.040718] 14680 total pagecache pages
[11686.040721] 8202 pages in swap cache
[11686.040724] Swap cache stats: add 2191074, delete 2182872, find 1247325/1327415
[11686.040727] Free swap = 0kB
[11686.040729] Total swap = 524284kB
[11686.043240] 262100 pages RAM
[11686.043244] 34790 pages HighMem
[11686.043246] 5610 pages reserved
[11686.043248] 2335 pages shared
[11686.043250] 240875 pages non-shared
[11686.043253] [ pid ] uid tgid total_vm rss cpu oom_adj oom_score_adj name
[11686.043266] [ 1084] 0 1084 662 1 0 0 0 upstart-udev-br
[11686.043271] [ 1094] 0 1094 743 79 0 -17 -1000 udevd
[11686.043276] [ 1104] 101 1104 7232 42 0 0 0 rsyslogd
[11686.043281] [ 1149] 103 1149 1066 188 1 0 0 dbus-daemon
[11686.043286] [ 1165] 0 1165 1716 66 0 0 0 modem-manager
[11686.043291] [ 1220] 106 1220 861 42 0 0 0 avahi-daemon
[11686.043296] [ 1221] 106 1221 829 0 1 0 0 avahi-daemon
[11686.043301] [ 1255] 0 1255 6880 117 0 0 0 NetworkManager
[11686.043306] [ 1308] 0 1308 5988 144 0 0 0 polkitd
[11686.043311] [ 1334] 0 1334 723 85 0 -17 -1000 udevd
[11686.043316] [ 1335] 0 1335 730 108 0 -17 -1000 udevd
[11686.043320] [ 1375] 0 1375 663 37 0 0 0 upstart-socket-
[11686.043325] [ 1464] 0 1464 1333 120 1 0 0 login
[11686.043330] [ 1467] 0 1467 1333 135 1 0 0 login
[11686.043335] [ 1486] 0 1486 1333 135 1 0 0 login
[11686.043339] [ 1487] 0 1487 1333 136 1 0 0 login
[11686.043344] [ 1493] 0 1493 1333 134 1 0 0 login
[11686.043349] [ 1528] 0 1528 496 45 0 0 0 acpid
[11686.043354] [ 1529] 0 1529 607 46 1 0 0 cron
[11686.043359] [ 1549] 0 1549 10660 100 0 0 0 lightdm
[11686.043363] [ 1550] 0 1550 570 28 0 0 0 atd
[11686.043368] [ 1584] 0 1584 855 35 0 0 0 irqbalance
[11686.043373] [ 1703] 0 1703 17939 9653 0 0 0 Xorg
[11686.043378] [ 1874] 0 1874 7013 174 0 0 0 console-kit-dae
[11686.043382] [ 1958] 0 1958 1124 52 1 0 0 bluetoothd
[11686.043388] [ 2048] 999 2048 2435 641 1 0 0 bash
[11686.043392] [ 2049] 999 2049 2435 595 0 0 0 bash
[11686.043397] [ 2050] 999 2050 2435 587 1 0 0 bash
[11686.043402] [ 2051] 999 2051 2435 634 1 0 0 bash
[11686.043406] [ 2054] 999 2054 2435 569 0 0 0 bash
[11686.043411] [ 2155] 0 2155 1333 128 0 0 0 login
[11686.043416] [ 2222] 0 2222 684 67 1 0 0 dhclient
[11686.043420] [ 2240] 999 2240 2435 415 0 0 0 bash
[11686.043425] [ 2244] 0 2244 3631 58 0 0 0 accounts-daemon
[11686.043430] [ 2258] 999 2258 11683 277 0 0 0 gnome-session
[11686.043435] [ 2407] 999 2407 964 24 0 0 0 ssh-agent
[11686.043440] [ 2410] 999 2410 937 53 0 0 0 dbus-launch
[11686.043444] [ 2411] 999 2411 1319 300 1 0 0 dbus-daemon
[11686.043449] [ 2413] 999 2413 2287 88 0 0 0 gvfsd
[11686.043454] [ 2418] 999 2418 7867 123 1 0 0 gvfs-fuse-daemo
[11686.043459] [ 2427] 999 2427 32720 804 0 0 0 gnome-settings-
[11686.043463] [ 2437] 999 2437 10750 124 0 0 0 gnome-keyring-d
[11686.043468] [ 2442] 999 2442 2321 244 1 0 0 gconfd-2
[11686.043473] [ 2447] 0 2447 6490 156 0 0 0 upowerd
[11686.043478] [ 2467] 999 2467 7590 87 0 0 0 dconf-service
[11686.043482] [ 2529] 999 2529 11807 211 0 0 0 gsd-printer
[11686.043487] [ 2531] 999 2531 12162 587 0 0 0 metacity
[11686.043492] [ 2535] 999 2535 19175 960 0 0 0 unity-2d-panel
[11686.043496] [ 2536] 999 2536 19408 1012 0 0 0 unity-2d-launch
[11686.043502] [ 2539] 999 2539 16154 1120 1 0 0 nautilus
[11686.043506] [ 2540] 999 2540 17888 534 0 0 0 nm-applet
[11686.043511] [ 2541] 999 2541 7005 253 0 0 0 polkit-gnome-au
[11686.043516] [ 2544] 999 2544 8930 430 0 0 0 bamfdaemon
[11686.043521] [ 2545] 999 2545 11217 442 1 0 0 bluetooth-apple
[11686.043525] [ 2547] 999 2547 510 16 0 0 0 sh
[11686.043530] [ 2548] 999 2548 11205 301 1 0 0 gnome-fallback-
[11686.043535] [ 2565] 999 2565 6614 179 1 0 0 gvfs-gdu-volume
[11686.043539] [ 2567] 0 2567 5812 164 1 0 0 udisks-daemon
[11686.043544] [ 2571] 0 2571 1580 69 0 0 0 udisks-daemon
[11686.043549] [ 2579] 999 2579 16354 1035 0 0 0 unity-panel-ser
[11686.043554] [ 2602] 0 2602 1188 47 0 0 0 sudo
[11686.043559] [ 2603] 0 2603 374634 181503 0 0 0 flasherav
[11686.043564] [ 2607] 999 2607 12673 189 0 0 0 indicator-appli
[11686.043569] [ 2609] 999 2609 19313 311 1 0 0 indicator-datet
[11686.043573] [ 2611] 999 2611 15738 225 0 0 0 indicator-messa
[11686.043578] [ 2615] 999 2615 17433 237 1 0 0 indicator-sessi
[11686.043583] [ 2627] 999 2627 2393 132 0 0 0 gvfsd-trash
[11686.043588] [ 2640] 999 2640 1933 85 0 0 0 geoclue-master
[11686.043592] [ 2650] 0 2650 2498 1136 1 0 0 mount.ntfs
[11686.043598] [ 2657] 999 2657 6624 128 1 0 0 telepathy-indic
[11686.043602] [ 2659] 999 2659 2246 112 0 0 0 mission-control
[11686.043607] [ 2662] 999 2662 5431 346 1 0 0 gdu-notificatio
[11686.043612] [ 2664] 0 2664 3716 2392 0 0 0 mount.ntfs
[11686.043617] [ 2679] 999 2679 12453 197 1 0 0 zeitgeist-datah
[11686.043621] [ 2685] 999 2685 5196 1581 1 0 0 zeitgeist-daemo
[11686.043626] [ 2934] 999 2934 16305 710 0 0 0 gnome-terminal
[11686.043631] [ 2938] 999 2938 553 0 0 0 0 gnome-pty-helpe
[11686.043636] [ 2939] 999 2939 1814 406 0 0 0 bash
[11686.043641] Out of memory: Kill process 2603 (flasherav) score 761 or sacrifice child
[11686.043647] Killed process 2603 (flasherav) total-vm:1498536kB, anon-rss:721784kB, file-rss:4228kB
最佳答案
Linux 中的内存管理有点难理解，我还不能说我完全理解，但我会尝试分享一点我的经验和知识。
简短回答您的问题:是的，除了列表中的内容之外，还包含其他内容。
列表中显示的是在用户空间中运行的应用程序。内核为自己和模块使用内存，除此之外，它还有一个你不能超过的可用内存的下限。当您达到该级别时，它会尝试释放资源，当它不能再这样做时，您最终会遇到 OOM 问题。
从列表的最后一行，您可以看到内核报告的总虚拟机使用量为:1498536kB (1,5GB)，其中总虚拟机包括您的物理 RAM 和交换空间。您说您没有任何交换，但内核似乎不这么认为，因为您的交换空间被报告为已满(总交换 = 524284kB，空闲交换 = 0kB)并且它报告的总 vmem 大小为 1.5GB。
另一个让事情变得更复杂的事情是内存碎片。当内核尝试分配 4096kB 的连续内存时，您可以点击 OOM killer ，但没有可用的空闲内存。
现在，仅此一项可能无法帮助您解决实际问题。我不知道您的程序需要这么多内存是否正常，但我建议尝试使用像 cppcheck 这样的静态代码分析器来检查内存泄漏或文件描述符泄漏。您也可以尝试通过 Valgrind 运行它以获取有关内存使用情况的更多信息。
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9199731/